nothing works but time to update

.vscode/c_cpp_properties.json

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+  "configurations": [
+    {
+      "name": "linux-gcc-x64",
+      "includePath": [
+        "${workspaceFolder}/**"
+      ],
+      "compilerPath": "/usr/bin/gcc",
+      "cStandard": "${default}",
+      "cppStandard": "${default}",
+      "intelliSenseMode": "linux-gcc-x64",
+      "compilerArgs": [
+        ""
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "version": 4
+}

.vscode/launch.json

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+{
+  "version": "0.2.0",
+  "configurations": [
+    {
+      "name": "C/C++ Runner: Debug Session",
+      "type": "cppdbg",
+      "request": "launch",
+      "args": [],
+      "stopAtEntry": false,
+      "externalConsole": false,
+      "cwd": "/home/p7mj/Desktop/ISCCS-1",
+      "program": "/home/p7mj/Desktop/ISCCS-1/build/Debug/outDebug",
+      "MIMode": "gdb",
+      "miDebuggerPath": "gdb",
+      "setupCommands": [
+        {
+          "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
+          "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
+          "ignoreFailures": true
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+{
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.cCompilerPath": "gcc",
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.cppCompilerPath": "g++",
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.debuggerPath": "gdb",
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.cStandard": "",
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.cppStandard": "",
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.msvcBatchPath": "C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio/VR_NR/Community/VC/Auxiliary/Build/vcvarsall.bat",
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.useMsvc": false,
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.warnings": [
+    "-Wall",
+    "-Wextra",
+    "-Wpedantic",
+    "-Wshadow",
+    "-Wformat=2",
+    "-Wcast-align",
+    "-Wconversion",
+    "-Wsign-conversion",
+    "-Wnull-dereference"
+  ],
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.msvcWarnings": [
+    "/W4",
+    "/permissive-",
+    "/w14242",
+    "/w14287",
+    "/w14296",
+    "/w14311",
+    "/w14826",
+    "/w44062",
+    "/w44242",
+    "/w14905",
+    "/w14906",
+    "/w14263",
+    "/w44265",
+    "/w14928"
+  ],
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.enableWarnings": true,
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.warningsAsError": false,
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.compilerArgs": [],
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.linkerArgs": [],
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.includePaths": [],
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.includeSearch": [
+    "*",
+    "**/*"
+  ],
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.excludeSearch": [
+    "**/build",
+    "**/build/**",
+    "**/.*",
+    "**/.*/**",
+    "**/.vscode",
+    "**/.vscode/**"
+  ],
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.useAddressSanitizer": false,
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.useUndefinedSanitizer": false,
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.useLeakSanitizer": false,
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.showCompilationTime": false,
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.useLinkTimeOptimization": false,
+  "C_Cpp_Runner.msvcSecureNoWarnings": false
+}

boot.asm

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+[bits 16]
+section .text
+global _start
+
+_start:
+    mov [BOOT_DRIVE], dl    ; Save the boot drive number provided by BIOS
+
+    mov bp, 0x9000       
+    mov sp, bp
+
+    call load_kernel     ; Load extra sectors from the disk
+    call switch_to_pm    ; Transition to 32-bit mode
+    jmp $
+
+%include "gdt.asm"
+
+[bits 16]
+load_kernel:
+    mov bx, 0x7e00       ; Destination memory address for kernel code
+    mov dh, 30           ; Number of sectors to read
+    mov dl, [BOOT_DRIVE] 
+    mov ah, 0x02         ; BIOS read sectors function
+    mov al, dh           
+    mov ch, 0x00         
+    mov dh, 0x00         
+    mov cl, 0x02         ; Start reading from the second sector
+    
+    int 0x13             ; Trigger BIOS disk interrupt
+    
+    jc disk_error        
+    ret
+
+disk_error:
+    jmp $
+
+[bits 16]
+switch_to_pm:
+    cli                     
+    lgdt [gdt_descriptor]   
+    mov eax, cr0
+    or eax, 0x1             
+    mov cr0, eax
+    jmp CODE_SEG:init_pm    
+
+[bits 32]
+extern main
+init_pm:
+    mov ax, DATA_SEG
+    mov ds, ax
+    mov ss, ax
+    mov es, ax
+    mov fs, ax
+    mov gs, ax
+
+    mov ebp, 0x90000        
+    mov esp, ebp
+
+    call main        
+    jmp $
+
+BOOT_DRIVE db 0

gdt.asm

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+gdt_start:
+    dq 0x0          ; The null descriptor (mandatory)
+
+; Code Segment Descriptor
+gdt_code:
+    dw 0xffff       ; Limit
+    dw 0x0          ; Base (bits 0-15)
+    db 0x0          ; Base (bits 16-23)
+    db 10011010b    ; Access byte
+    db 11001111b    ; Flags + Limit (bits 16-19)
+    db 0x0          ; Base (bits 24-31)
+
+; Data Segment Descriptor
+gdt_data:
+    dw 0xffff
+    dw 0x0
+    db 0x0
+    db 10010010b
+    db 11001111b
+    db 0x0
+
+gdt_end:
+
+gdt_descriptor:
+    dw gdt_end - gdt_start - 1
+    dd gdt_start
+
+CODE_SEG equ gdt_code - gdt_start
+DATA_SEG equ gdt_data - gdt_start

kernel.c

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+void clear_screen() {
+    char* video_memory = (char*) 0xb8000;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 80 * 25 * 2; i += 2) {
+        video_memory[i] = ' ';      // Clear char
+        video_memory[i+1] = 0x07;   // Light grey on black
+    }
+}
+
+void print_string(char* str, unsigned char color, int line) {
+    char* video_memory = (char*) 0xb8000;
+    int offset = line * 160;
+
+    for (int i = 0; str[i] != '\0'; i++) {
+        video_memory[offset + (i * 2)] = str[i];
+        video_memory[offset + (i * 2) + 1] = color;
+    }
+}
+
+void main() {
+    clear_screen();
+    print_string("Welcome to ISCCS OS!", 0x0a, 1);
+    print_string("Kernel Loaded in 32-bit Protected Mode.", 0x0f, 2);
+    
+    while(1);
+}

linker.ld

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+ENTRY(_start)
+OUTPUT_FORMAT("binary")
+
+SECTIONS
+{
+    /* Start at the BIOS boot address */
+    . = 0x7c00;
+
+    .text : {
+        boot.o(.text)    /* Ensure bootloader is at the very beginning */
+        *(.text)         /* Compiled C code follows */
+        *(.rodata)       /* REQUIRED: Text strings live here */
+    }
+
+    .data : { *(.data) }
+    .bss  : { *(.bss)  }
+
+    /* Place the 0xAA55 signature exactly at the end of the first 512 bytes */
+    .sig : AT(0x7dfe) {
+        SHORT(0xaa55);
+    }
+}