BUGS-OS/BUGS/kernel.c

#include <stdint.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdarg.h>

// --- VGA Hardware Constants ---
static const size_t VGA_WIDTH = 80;
static const size_t VGA_HEIGHT = 25;
uint16_t* vga_buffer = (uint16_t*) 0xB8000;

// System State
size_t terminal_row = 0;
size_t terminal_col = 0;
uint8_t terminal_color = 7; // Light grey on black

// --- Low Level I/O ---

static inline void outb(uint16_t port, uint8_t val) {
    asm volatile ( "outb %0, %1" : : "a"(val), "Nd"(port) );
}

static inline uint8_t inb(uint16_t port) {
    uint8_t ret;
    asm volatile ( "inb %1, %0" : "=a"(ret) : "Nd"(port) );
    return ret;
}

// --- Hardware Cursor Logic ---

void update_cursor(int x, int y) {
    uint16_t pos = y * VGA_WIDTH + x;
 
    outb(0x3D4, 0x0F);
    outb(0x3D5, (uint8_t) (pos & 0xFF));
    outb(0x3D4, 0x0E);
    outb(0x3D5, (uint8_t) ((pos >> 8) & 0xFF));
}

// --- String & Memory Utilities ---

int strlen(const char* str) {
    int len = 0;
    while (str[len]) len++;
    return len;
}

int strcmp(const char* s1, const char* s2) {
    while (*s1 && (*s1 == *s2)) {
        s1++;
        s2++;
    }
    return *(unsigned char*)s1 - *(unsigned char*)s2;
}

char* itoa(int value, char* str, int base) {
    char *rc, *ptr, *low;
    if (base < 2 || base > 36) return str;
    rc = ptr = str;
    if (value < 0 && base == 10) *ptr++ = '-';
    low = ptr;
    int v = (value < 0) ? -value : value;
    do {
        *ptr++ = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"[v % base];
        v /= base;
    } while (v);
    *ptr-- = '\0';
    while (low < ptr) {
        char tmp = *low;
        *low++ = *ptr;
        *ptr-- = tmp;
    }
    return rc;
}

// --- Terminal Output ---

void putchar(char c) {
    if (c == '\n') {
        terminal_col = 0;
        terminal_row++;
    } else if (c == '\b') {
        // Backspace logic is handled in scanf, 
        // but putchar supports it for generic use
        if (terminal_col > 0) terminal_col--;
    } else {
        const size_t index = terminal_row * VGA_WIDTH + terminal_col;
        vga_buffer[index] = (uint16_t) c | (uint16_t) terminal_color << 8;
        if (++terminal_col == VGA_WIDTH) {
            terminal_col = 0;
            terminal_row++;
        }
    }

    if (terminal_row >= VGA_HEIGHT) {
        // Simple scroll: just reset to top for now
        terminal_row = 0;
    }
    update_cursor(terminal_col, terminal_row);
}

void printf(const char* format, ...) {
    va_list args;
    va_start(args, format);
    for (int i = 0; format[i] != '\0'; i++) {
        if (format[i] == '%') {
            i++;
            if (format[i] == 's') {
                char* s = va_arg(args, char*);
                while (*s) putchar(*s++);
            } else if (format[i] == 'd') {
                char buf[32];
                itoa(va_arg(args, int), buf, 10);
                for (int j = 0; buf[j]; j++) putchar(buf[j]);
            } else if (format[i] == 'c') {
                putchar((char)va_arg(args, int));
            }
        } else {
            putchar(format[i]);
        }
    }
    va_end(args);
}

// --- Keyboard Input ---

char getchar() {
    static unsigned char map[128] = {
        0,  27, '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '0', '-', '=', '\b',
        '\t', 'q', 'w', 'e', 'r', 't', 'y', 'u', 'i', 'o', 'p', '[', ']', '\n',
        0, 'a', 's', 'd', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'j', 'k', 'l', ';', '\'', '`', 0, '\\',
        'z', 'x', 'c', 'v', 'b', 'n', 'm', ',', '.', '/', 0, '*', 0, ' '
    };

    while (1) {
        if (inb(0x64) & 0x01) {
            uint8_t scancode = inb(0x60);
            // Ignore key-release events (scancode + 128) and non-mapped keys (Alt/Shift)
            if (scancode < 128 && map[scancode] != 0) {
                return map[scancode];
            }
        }
    }
}

void scanf(char* buffer) {
    int i = 0;
    while (1) {
        char c = getchar();
        if (c == '\n') {
            buffer[i] = '\0';
            putchar('\n');
            break;
        } else if (c == '\b') {
            if (i > 0) {
                i--;
                if (terminal_col > 0) {
                    terminal_col--;
                } else if (terminal_row > 0) {
                    terminal_row--;
                    terminal_col = VGA_WIDTH - 1;
                }
                // Clear the character visually
                vga_buffer[terminal_row * VGA_WIDTH + terminal_col] = (uint16_t)' ' | (uint16_t)terminal_color << 8;
                update_cursor(terminal_col, terminal_row);
            }
        } else {
            buffer[i++] = c;
            putchar(c);
        }
    }
}

// --- Kernel Entry ---

void kernel_main(void) {
    // Clear Screen
    for (size_t i = 0; i < VGA_WIDTH * VGA_HEIGHT; i++) {
        vga_buffer[i] = (uint16_t)' ' | (uint16_t)7 << 8;
    }
    update_cursor(0, 0);

    printf("BUGS (Buggy Unverified Greatish Script) v1.1\n");
    printf("Hardware Cursor: ENABLED\n");
    printf("Filtering Alt/Tab symbols: ENABLED\n\n");

    while (1) {
        printf("BUGS> ");
        char input[64];
        scanf(input);

        if (strcmp(input, "help") == 0) {
            printf("Available commands: help, clear, hello\n");
        } else if (strcmp(input, "clear") == 0) {
            for (size_t i = 0; i < VGA_WIDTH * VGA_HEIGHT; i++) vga_buffer[i] = (uint16_t)' ' | (uint16_t)7 << 8;
            terminal_row = 0; terminal_col = 0;
            update_cursor(0,0);
        } else if (strcmp(input, "hello") == 0) {
            printf("Greetings from the kernel!\n");
        } else if (strlen(input) > 0) {
            printf("Unknown command: %s\n", input);
        }
    }
}